Effect of accounting standards in Iran comparability stock companies financial statements
Introduction:
Activity accounting services, its main task of preparing and presenting information that is actually beneficial in economic decisions. Existential philosophy of accounting information system, providing services to individuals and groups that various quantitative and qualitative information to achieve their goals, used to bring the action. In this context, system task accounting is responsible for providing information that normally has a financial nature. Playing this task and respond to information needs Users require preparation and presentation of information in line with reasonable and desirable selection acting through different mechanisms available for the allocation of scarce economic resources in the process of trade and economic operations will be useful. Accordingly, the information needs of individuals and groups active in the field of economics is essential! So much so that accounting system durability and survival, depends on establishing a continuous interaction with the surrounding environment is. Optimal investment decisions for the business units and to express better allocate scarce resources in the community requires accurate financial information are transparent and comparable. There is a lack of information or misleading information causes adverse economic Tsmymmgyryhay resulting in loss of economic resources, destruction of capital markets and ultimately economic backwardness and poverty and welfare is reduced. Pyshshrthay a foundation for confidence of investors and creditors for constructive economic activities flourish and ultimately economic, preparation and presentation of performance information that financial decisions, economic and commercial benefits to be located. Such information also working to establish the activity and effectiveness of capital markets to help lead government policy makings and Brnamhryzyha in economics and business units will manage operations. Now developed countries, the financial statements as the most important source of information to reflect the performance results and financial position and cash flows is known as business units and therefore the fundamental principles of preparation of financial statements is a very important. Principles of preparation of financial statements to the accounting standard is known to have characteristics such that a uniform basis for the preparation of official statements and cause adaptation methods and accounting procedures, and ultimately provide comparability to financial statements.
The main goal of accounting information useful for Users financial statements for financial decision-making is. The information is provided in the financial statements will be useful if the quality characteristics of financial information may have. One of these quality characteristics, is Mqays·hpzyry financial statements. Providing the necessary conditions to compare financial information during different periods of a business unit, financial information enables Users who study trends, strengths and weaknesses of a business unit to evaluate. Users of financial statements in order to be able to help optimize this case and the correct economic decisions are taken, requires a set of financial information with high comparability in financial statements are dominant. Comparability of financial statements under accounting standards ever be achieved because the accounting standards to determine methods and procedures with accepted accounting practices reduce the diversity that this current financial statements to compare their ability to eventually achieve commercial units will be.
Since the Iranian accounting standards and benchmarks identified and measured in terms of assets, liabilities, income and expenditure in the financial statements, including company financial statements to specify Stock Exchange accepted, follow these standards as far as acceptance is important in auditing financial statements annual business units to observe these standards is dependent. In accordance with paragraph 4, Clause 2 of the Audit Organization and the Statute and Article 6 Audit Organization, development and expansion of duty principles and auditing standards and accounting has been assigned to the organization and also in accordance with paragraph (g) Article 7 The legal statute Audit Organization, Reference expertise and formal accounting and auditing principles and standards in our country is auditing organization.
The Organization Committee in 1371 developed guidelines Accounting Officer Accounting Standards in Iran. The committee in 1373 Draft Declaration 9 accounting guidelines and framework preparation and presentation of financial statements (Publication 96) released.
More work, a draft five other accounting guidelines statement (Publication No. 106) in 1375 for the poll was published. Accounting guidelines set in 1378 for the first two years, entered into force. Committee developed guidelines based on Board approved accounting organization operating Rename Accounting Standards Committee had, according to the feedback guidelines and accounting theories Expert Group on Standards for Management and the Technical Committee and obtaining ratification bill to the General Assembly, Standard No. 1 from 22 financial statements for the fiscal period starting from 1.1.1380 and then it is in force.
Accounting Standards Committee continue its work with three other accounting standard (23 to 25) financial statements for the financial periods beginning after 01/01/1381, and is in force.
If the above date in the application of accounting standards in reporting and auditing financial statements that they are principles and criteria determined by the Audit Organization of Iran noted that standard, is not observed in any of the authorities will not be usable. But in the process of standard development should always consider it to be caused Mqrrshdh standards comparability in financial statements and after many years development control standards with no Mqays·hpzyry above financial statements financial statements years before the development of international standard is used.
But before Iran developed accounting standards, lack of formal and uniform principles for the preparation of financial statements of many companies including the companies accepted the Stock Exchange, accounting standards and international accounting standard in some countries, including America, Britain, Australia, Canada and Accounting standards in other leading countries in the Astandardgzary, preparing financial statements became the criterion. But after the Iranian accounting standards and develop these principles into force, all companies, including companies accepted the Stock Exchange were required to observe these principles.
But since the guidelines and accounting standards in many cases with international accounting standards and America and Canada and other countries where accounting standards before they Accounting Standards financial statements prepared in Iran criterion was not consistent, it was thought that the lack of policy stability and uniform accounting methods used in before and after the Iranian Accounting Standards comparability of financial statements raise the following question. Therefore, in this study, researchers of all procedures used by companies in the study accepted the Stock Exchange after the required accounting standards before it is studied.
Realm of time and place
Geographic scope of this study accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange is.
Since the decision to establish official principles and develop uniform guidelines on 1/1/1378 with a gradual start and continued since the company accepted the Stock Exchange before 01/01/1378 methods and arbitrary procedures After compiling the standard required to implement standardized, comparison of financial statements in the years before the standards required by each other and in the years after the standards required to avoid each other, and all procedures used in the years before the development of guidelines and standard procedures on 1.1.1378 with all used in the years following the standards required by the latest standard (standard accounting and retirement plans), which is the date on 1/1/1384, has been compared .
Sampling
Since the methods and procedures used by all companies accepted in the stock market is impossible to represent the characteristics of the sampling statistic is used. Therefore, stratified random sampling as sampling in this study has been selected. In this method, first of all survey (companies accepted the Stock Exchange) to different categories (classified by type of industry) and then divided into random samples from each industry according to size companies in the industry are included.
Assumptions
1 - Balance Sheet comparability, the obligation to maintain standards of accounting in Iran has been.
2 - If comparability profit and loss, the obligation to maintain standards of accounting in Iran has been.
3 - Cash Flow Statements comparability, the obligation to maintain standards of accounting is Iran.
Data mining techniques
Research data to extract all the procedures first used by those companies in Tehran Stock Exchange accepted the survey is a component, before and after the Iranian accounting standards require the financial statements and notes of financial statements with the extraction and standards comparability of financial statements (Table 2) has been consistent about that percentage of procedures used in financial statements comparability criteria described (Table 3) is.
